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ASME MFC-3M ADD Document Information:
Title
Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes Using Orifice, Nozzle, and Venturi
ASME International
Publication Date:
Jan 1, 2007
Scope:
This Standard specifies the geometry and method of use (installation
and operating conditions) for
pressure differential devices (including, but not limited to, orifice
plates, flow nozzles, and
venturi tubes) when installed in a closed conduit running full and
used to determine the flow-rate
of the fluid flowing in the conduit. This Standard applies to pressure
differential devices in
which the flow remains subsonic throughout the measuring section and
where the fluid is considered
as single-phase. The Standard is limited to single-phase Newtonian
fluid flow in which the flow can
be considered sufficiently free from pulsation effects. It gives
information for calculating the
flow-rate and the associated uncertainty when each of these devices is
used within specified limits
of pipe size and Reynolds number.
This Standard covers flow meters that operate on the principle of a
local change in flow velocity
and/or flow parameters caused by meter geometry, resulting in a
corresponding change of pressure
between two set locations. Although there are several types of
differential pressure meters
available, it is the purpose of this Standard to address the
applications of each meter and not to
endorse any specific meter. The operating principle of a pressure
differential flow meter is based
on two physical laws: conservation of energy and conservation of mass,
realized when changes in
flow cross-sectional area and/or flow path result in a change of
pressure. This differential
pressure, in turn, is a function of the flow velocity, fluid path, and
fluid properties.
Included within the scope of this Standard are devices for which
direct calibration experiments
have been made, sufficient in number and data coverage, to enable
valid systems of application to
be based on their results and coefficients to be given with known
uncertainties.
The devices installed in the pipe are referred to as primary devices,
primary elements, or simply,
primaries. The primary device may also include the associated upstream
and downstream piping. The
other instruments required for the flow measurement are often referred
to as secondary devices or
secondaries. For further information on secondary instrumentation, see
ASME/ANSI MFC-8M.
The different primary elements covered in this Standard are as
follows:
(a) orifice plates (Part 2) that can be used with the following
pressure tap arrangements:
(1) flange pressure taps
(2) corner pressure taps
(3) D and D/2 pressure taps
(b) nozzles (Part 3), each of which differs in the following shape and
position of the pressure
taps:
(1) ASME long radius nozzles
(2) Venturi nozzles
(3) ISA 1932 nozzles
(c) ASME venturi tubes (Part 4), also known as Herschel or classical
venturi tubes
Part 1 of this Standard contains general material such as definitions,
symbols, and principles that
apply to all the devices covered in Parts 2, 3, and 4 of this Standard
with respect to the flow
measurement of any single phase fluid.
This Standard does not apply to ASME Performance Test Code
measurements. This Standard does not
address those devices that operate on the principle of critical or
choked flow condition of fluids.
This Standard does not address issues of safety. It is the
responsibility of the user to ensure
that all systems conform to applicable safety requirements and
regulations.
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