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ASTM D 2216 Document Information:
Title
Standard Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass
ASTM International
Publication Date:
Mar 1, 2005
Scope:
(Footnote *)
These test methods cover the laboratory determination of the water
(moisture) content by mass of
soil, rock, and similar materials where the reduction in mass by
drying is due to loss of water
except as noted in 1.4, 1.5, and 1.7. For simplicity, the word
"material" shall refer to soil, rock
or aggregate whichever is most applicable.
Some disciplines, such as soil science, need to determine water
content on the basis of volume.
Such determinations are beyond the scope of this test method.
The water content of a material is defined in 3.2.1.
The term "solid material" as used in geotechnical engineering is
typically assumed to mean
naturally occurring mineral particles of soil and rock that are not
readily soluble in water.
Therefore, the water content of materials containing extraneous matter
(such as cement etc.) may
require special treatment or a qualified definition of water content.
In addition, some organic
materials may be decomposed by oven drying at the standard drying
temperature for this method
(110°C). Materials containing gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate)
or other compounds having
significant amounts of hydrated water may present a special problem as
this material slowly
dehydrates at the standard drying temperature (110°C) and at very
low relative humidity,
forming a compound (such as calcium sulfate hemihydrate) that is not
normally present in natural
materials except in some desert soils. In order to reduce the degree
of dehydration of gypsum in
those materials containing gypsum or to reduce decomposition in
highly/fibrous organic soils, it
may be desirable to dry the materials at 60°C or in a desiccator
at room temperature. Thus,
when a drying temperature is used which is different from the standard
drying temperature as
defined by this test method, the resulting water content may be
different from the standard water
content determined at the standard drying temperature of 110°C.
NOTE 1 - Test Method D 2974 provides an alternate procedure for
determining water content of peat
materials.
Materials containing water with substantial amounts of soluble solids
(such as salt in the case of
marine sediments) when tested by this method will give a mass of
solids that includes the
previously soluble dissolved solids. These materials require special
treatment to remove or account
for the presence of precipitated solids in the dry mass of the
specimen, or a qualified definition
of water content must be used. For example, see Test Method D 4542
regarding information on marine
sediments.
This test standard requires several hours for proper drying of the
water content specimen. Test
Methods D 4643, D 4944 and D 4959 provide less time-consuming
processes for determining water
content. See Gilbert(Footnote 2) for details on the background of Test
Method D 4643.
Two test methods are provided in this standard. The methods differ in
the significant digits
reported and the size of the specimen (mass) required. The method to
be used may be specified by
the requesting authority; otherwise Method A shall be performed.
Method A - The water content by mass is recorded to the nearest 1 %.
For cases of dispute, Method A
is the referee method.
Method B - The water content by mass is recorded to the nearest 0.1 %.
This standard requires the drying of material in an oven. If the
material being dried is
contaminated with certain chemicals, health and safety hazards can
exist. Therefore, this standard
should not be used in determining the water content of contaminated
soils unless adequate health
and safety precautions are taken.
Units - The values stated in SI units shall be regarded as standard
excluding the Alternative Sieve
Sizes listed in Table 1. No other units of measurement are included in
this test method.
Refer to Practice D 6026 for guidance concerning the use of
significant figures that shall
determine whether Method, A or B is required. This is especially
important if the water content
will be used to calculate other relationships such as moist mass to
dry mass or vice versa, wet
unit weight to dry unit weight or vice versa, and total density to dry
density or vice versa. For
example, if four significant digits are required in any of the above
calculations, then the water
content has to be recorded to the nearest 0.1 %. This occurs since 1
plus the water content (not in
percent) will have four significant digits regardless of what the
value of the water content is;
that is, 1 plus 0.1/100 = 1.001, a value with four significant digits.
While, if three significant
digits are acceptable, then the water content can be recorded to the
nearest 1 %.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
if any, associated with its
use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to
establish appropriate safety and
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
Footnote * - A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this
standard.
Footnote 2 - Gilbert, P.A., "Computer Controlled Microwave Oven System
for Rapid Water Content
Determination", Tech. Report GL-88-21, Department of the Army,
Waterways Experiment Station, Corps
of Engineers, Vicksburg, MS, November 1988.
Keywords:
- aggregate
- consistency
- index property
- laboratory
- moisture analysis
- moisture content
- soil
- water content
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